OPALCO's Rates: Highest in the group (~$207 for 1,000 kWh), driven by high fixed charge ($67.58) to recover fixed costs (debt,infrastructure). This penalizes low-usage households (e.g., retirees).

Co-ops Comparison: Most BPA co-ops have lower rates ($100–$152 for 1,000 kWh) due to cheap BPA hydro and rural scale. Flathead and Inland are among the lowest; OPALCO is an outlier - OPALCO debt ~$98M + $25M guarantee.

Nearby Utilities: PSE and Seattle City Light are higher ($142–$189 for 800 kWh), reflecting urban density and costs. Snohomish PUD is closer to OPALCO but lower. Small PUDs like Whatcom/Jefferson/Clallam are lower or comparable, with fewer customers.

Customer Scale: Larger utilities (PSE 1.2M, Seattle 512k) serve more meters, spreading costs; OPALCO (16k) has high per-customer debt/overhead.